Federal holidays are days when the U.S. government closes, and most public sector workers get a paid day off. Non-essential federal offices, post offices, banks, and many schools close on these days. Federal holidays recognize important events and figures in American history.
Private businesses do not have to close, but many choose to. Some give employees the day off, while others pay extra for working.
How many federal holidays are there?
There are currently 11 federal holidays in the U.S. States can have additional holidays or recognize federal holidays differently. For example, New York gives state employees Election Day off, and Washington, D.C. observes Presidential Inauguration Day every four years. Check your state’s official website to see what applies.
The 11 federal holidays and their significance
Holiday | Date | Significance |
New Year’s Day | January 1 | First day of the year |
Martin Luther King Jr. Day | Third Monday in January | Honors the civil rights leader |
Presidents’ Day | Third Monday in February | Celebrates all U.S. presidents |
Memorial Day | Last Monday in May | Honors those who died in military service |
Juneteenth | June 19 | Marks the end of slavery in the U.S. |
Independence Day | July 4 | Celebrates the Declaration of Independence |
Labor Day | First Monday in September | Recognizes American workers |
Columbus Day | Second Monday in October | Commemorates Columbus’ arrival; some states observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day |
Veterans Day | November 11 | Honors all military veterans |
Thanksgiving Day | Fourth Thursday in November | Time to give thanks and spend with family |
Christmas Day | December 25 | Celebrates the birth of Jesus and the holiday season |
FAQs
Are federal holidays the same in every state?
No. States may recognize additional holidays or observe federal ones differently.
Do private companies have to give employees time off for federal holidays?
No. It is optional, though many companies provide the day off or extra pay.
What happens if a holiday falls on a weekend?
The official day off usually shifts to Friday for a Saturday holiday or Monday for a Sunday holiday.
Why are federal holidays important?
They honor key events and figures in American history and provide workers with paid time off to rest or celebrate.
Can federal holidays change?
Yes. For example, Juneteenth was added in 2021. Future holidays may be added or changed by law.
