Federal holidays are days when the U.S. government shuts down, and most public sector workers get a paid day off. That means non-essential federal offices, post offices, banks, and many schools close. These holidays recognize key events and figures in American history.
Private businesses don’t have to close, but many do. Some give employees the day off, while others offer extra pay for working. Let’s go over how these holidays work and what they mean for you.
How many federal holidays are there?
Right now, there are 11 federal holidays in the U.S. but that could change—Juneteenth was added in 2021 to mark the end of slavery. States have their own rules, too. Some recognize additional holidays or celebrate federal ones differently. For example, New York gives state employees Election Day off, and Washington, D.C. observes Presidential Inauguration Day every four years. Want to know what applies to you? Check your state’s official website.
What are the 11 federal holidays and their significance?
- New Year’s Day (January 1): The first day of the year. A fresh start.
- Martin Luther King Jr. Day (Third Monday in January): Honors the civil rights leader and his fight for equality.
- Presidents’ Day (Third Monday in February): Originally celebrated George Washington’s birthday but now honors all U.S. presidents.
- Memorial Day (Last Monday in May): A day to honor those who died serving in the military.
- Juneteenth (June 19): Marks the end of slavery in the U.S.
- Independence Day (July 4): Celebrates the Declaration of Independence and the nation’s founding.
- Labor Day (First Monday in September): Recognizes American workers and their contributions.
- Columbus Day (Second Monday in October): Commemorates Columbus’ arrival in the Americas, though some states celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead.
- Veterans Day (November 11): Honors all military veterans for their service.
- Thanksgiving Day (Fourth Thursday in November): A time to give thanks and spend time with family and friends.
- Christmas Day (December 25): Celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ and the holiday season.
What if a federal holiday falls on a weekend?
If a holiday falls on a weekend, it’s still observed. The day off just shifts. If it lands on a Saturday, it’s usually observed on Friday. If it’s on a Sunday, then Monday becomes the official day off. Since dates vary each year, check your calendar and plan ahead for office closures or long weekends.
